Long-term dynamics of the abundance of earthworms and enchytraeids (Annelida, Clitellata: Lumbricidae, Enchytraeidae) in forests of the Central Urals, Russia

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Comment citer

Les chercheurs doivent citer cette ressource comme suit:

Vorobeichik E, Nesterkov A, Golovanova E, Nesterkova D, Ermakov A, Grebennikov M (2021): Long-term dynamics of the abundance of earthworms and enchytraeids (Annelida, Clitellata: Lumbricidae, Enchytraeidae) in forests of the Central Urals, Russia. v1.2. Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (IPAE). Dataset/Samplingevent. http://gbif.ru:8080/ipt/resource?r=lepc_annelids_1990-2020&v=1.2

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L’éditeur et détenteur des droits de cette ressource est Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (IPAE). Ce travail est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0.

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Cette ressource a été enregistrée sur le portail GBIF, et possède l'UUID GBIF suivante : bf5bc7f6-71a3-4abd-8abc-861ee3cbf84a.  Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (IPAE) publie cette ressource, et est enregistré dans le GBIF comme éditeur de données avec l'approbation du Participant Node Managers Committee.

Mots-clé

Samplingevent; terrestrial oligochaetes; soil macroinvertebrates; macrofauna; detritivores; species diversity; population density; community composition

Contacts

Couverture géographique

The Ural Mountains are a north-south-oriented mountain system located between the East European plain and West Siberian plain. The study area is situated in the lowest uplands of the Urals (altitudes are 150–400 m above sea level) and belongs to the southern taiga subzone. Primary coniferous forests (Picea abies, Abies sibirica, and Pinus sylvestris) and secondary deciduous forests (Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, and Populus tremula) prevail. Spruce and fir forests with nemoral flora on loam or heavy loam soils dominate on the western slope of the Urals, and pine forests on sandy loam or light loam soils prevail on the eastern side. The ground vegetation layer is dominated by Oxalis acetosella, Aegopodium podagraria, Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Dryopteris carthusiana, Asarum europaeum, Maianthemum bifolium, Cerastium pauciflorum, and Stellaria holostea. Soil formation occurs on eluvium and eluvium-diluvium of bedrock metamorphic rocks (shales, sandstones, quartzites, and silicified limestones). Soil cover is formed mainly by soddy-podzolic soils (Albic Retisols, Stagnic Retisols, and Leptic Retisols), burozems (Haplic Cambisols), and grey forest soils (Retic Phaeozems). Zoogenically active humus form (Dysmull) prevail (Korkina and Vorobeichik, 2021). The climate is warm-summer humid continental, Dfb according to Köppen-Geiger classification (Peel et al., 2007). The average annual air temperature is +2.0 °С; the average annual precipitation is 550 mm; the warmest month is July (+17.7 °С) and the coldest month is January (–14.2 °С) (mean values for the last 40 years, 1975–2015, according to the data of the nearest meteorological station in Revda). The snowless period is about 215 days (from April to October), the maximum height of the snow cover is about 40–60 cm.

Couverture taxonomique

General taxonomic coverage is 1 phylum, 1 class, 2 orders, 2 families, 8 genera, 10 species of annelids.

Couverture temporelle

Données sur le projet

Pas de description disponible

Les personnes impliquées dans le projet:

Méthodes d'échantillonnage

Earthworms were collected in summer months of 1990–2020 at sampling plots (10 × 10 m in size) established in seven study sites.The sampling process included hand-sorting of annelids (earthworms and enchytraeids) out of soil monoliths 20 × 20 cm in area and 25–30 cm in depth. During sampling, monoliths were divided into two layers, corresponding to the samples: the "O" horizon (forest litter) and the "A" horizon (organic-mineral). Monoliths were not subdivided into layers and were analyzed as a whole sample (the A horizon) in R-A16-Kryl (arable land). The sampling and hand sorting procedures were the same in all years (with a few exceptions); a total of 284 soil monoliths and 553 samples (upper and lower layers of the monoliths) were collected for over 30 years of study.

Description des étapes de la méthode:

1. Fieldwork and processing of soil monoliths. Earthworms were collected in June, July, and August of 1990–2020. Sampling plots 10 × 10 m in size were established in seven study sites. Annelids (earthworms and enchytraeids) were hand-sorted out of soil monoliths 20 × 20 cm in area and 25–30 cm in depth, depending on the occurrence of macroinvertebrates. The time interval for extracting one soil monolith from the sampling plot was approximately 5 minutes. Ten monoliths were collected from each plot randomly, excluding nearby trunk areas with a radius of 0.5–1 m around large trees (more than 30 cm in diameter) and any visible pedoturbations. During sampling, each monolith was divided into two layers, corresponding to the samples: the O horizons (forest litter) and A horizon (organic-mineral). Monoliths were not subdivided into layers and were analyzed as a whole sample (the A horizon) in R-A16-Kryl (arable land). Monoliths were placed in plastic bags (separately for the layers), delivered to the laboratory, and stored before processing at 12°C for no more than five days (as a rule, 1–2 days). The collected earthworms were carefully washed with water, fixed with 10% formalin, and then wet-preserved in 70% ethanol. Enchytraeids and earthworm cocoons were fixed with 70% ethanol. The sampling and hand sorting procedures were the same in all years, except that the number of samples taken in 1990 reached 80 per plot. Thus, a total of 284 soil monoliths and 553 samples (upper and lower layers of the monoliths) were collected over all these years. Unfortunately, the materials collected in 1990 and 1991 were not preserved in full until now. Therefore, in the dataset, unlike all others, these years marked with dwc:basisOfRecord = "HumanObservation."
2. Identifying earthworm species. Adult earthworms were identified to species level using the taxonomic key of Vsevolodova-Perel (1997). Juvenile specimens were identified to species level using external characteristics such as the coloration, the prostomium shape, the pattern of setae, and examination of the internal structure during autopsy (a shape of nephridial bladders, a presence and location of diverticula). Almost all earthworms (3236 of 3305, 98%) were identified to species level. Earthworm cocoons and enchytraeids were identified only to the family level.

Données de collection

Citations bibliographiques

1. Korkina, I.N., Vorobeichik, E.L. 2021. Non-typical degraded and regraded humus forms in metal-contaminated areas, or there and back again. Geoderma 404, 115390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115390
2. Peel, M.C., Finlayson, B.L., McMahon, T.A. 2007. Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, 1633–1644. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007
3. Vsevolodova-Perel, T.S. 1997. Dozhdevyye chervi fauny Rossii: kadastr i opredelitel’ [The earthworms of the fauna of Russia: Cadaster and key]. Editor-in-chef Chernova N.M. Moskva, Nauka. 102 p. (in Russian).

Métadonnées additionnelles