Description
The dataset includes information from a long-term monitoring program for two taxa of Annelids, Lumbricidae and Enchytraeidae, which dwell in the topsoil of spruce-fir, birch, pine, and floodplain forests in the Central Urals. The dataset includes information on the earthworm community structure (list of species, species abundance, number of egg cocoons, cocoon exuvia, juveniles, and adults) and inter-annual dynamics of earthworm and enchytraeid abundance. The dataset consists of 553 sampling events (= samples, corresponding to upper and lower layers of the soil monoliths) and 12 739 occurrences (earthworms, mainly identified to species, and earthworm cocoons and enchytraeids, identified to family) collected during 1990–2020. In total, 3 305 individuals of earthworms were collected, representing ten (out of twelve) species and all eight genera described for the fauna of the Central Urals. In addition, 7 292 earthworm egg cocoons and cocoon exuvia and 6 926 individuals of enchytraeids were accumulated. The presence-absence data on each of the ten earthworm species, egg cocoons, cocoon exuvia, and enchytraeids is provided for each sampling event. All data were collected in undisturbed non-polluted areas and are used as a local reference for ecotoxicological monitoring. The dataset provides valuable information for estimating the composition and abundance of earthworm communities in different habitats over a long time and contributes to the study of soil fauna biodiversity in the Urals.
Data Records
The data in this sampling event resource has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardized format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 553 records.
1 extension data tables also exist. An extension record supplies extra information about a core record. The number of records in each extension data table is illustrated below.
This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for download in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.
Versions
The table below shows only published versions of the resource that are publicly accessible.
How to cite
Researchers should cite this work as follows:
Vorobeichik E, Nesterkov A, Golovanova E, Nesterkova D, Ermakov A, Grebennikov M (2021): Long-term dynamics of the abundance of earthworms and enchytraeids (Annelida, Clitellata: Lumbricidae, Enchytraeidae) in forests of the Central Urals, Russia. v1.2. Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (IPAE). Dataset/Samplingevent. http://gbif.ru:8080/ipt/resource?r=lepc_annelids_1990-2020&v=1.2
Rights
Researchers should respect the following rights statement:
The publisher and rights holder of this work is Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (IPAE). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.
GBIF Registration
This resource has been registered with GBIF, and assigned the following GBIF UUID: bf5bc7f6-71a3-4abd-8abc-861ee3cbf84a. Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (IPAE) publishes this resource, and is itself registered in GBIF as a data publisher endorsed by Participant Node Managers Committee.
Keywords
Samplingevent; terrestrial oligochaetes; soil macroinvertebrates; macrofauna; detritivores; species diversity; population density; community composition
Contacts
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Geographic Coverage
The Ural Mountains are a north-south-oriented mountain system located between the East European plain and West Siberian plain. The study area is situated in the lowest uplands of the Urals (altitudes are 150–400 m above sea level) and belongs to the southern taiga subzone. Primary coniferous forests (Picea abies, Abies sibirica, and Pinus sylvestris) and secondary deciduous forests (Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, and Populus tremula) prevail. Spruce and fir forests with nemoral flora on loam or heavy loam soils dominate on the western slope of the Urals, and pine forests on sandy loam or light loam soils prevail on the eastern side. The ground vegetation layer is dominated by Oxalis acetosella, Aegopodium podagraria, Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Dryopteris carthusiana, Asarum europaeum, Maianthemum bifolium, Cerastium pauciflorum, and Stellaria holostea. Soil formation occurs on eluvium and eluvium-diluvium of bedrock metamorphic rocks (shales, sandstones, quartzites, and silicified limestones). Soil cover is formed mainly by soddy-podzolic soils (Albic Retisols, Stagnic Retisols, and Leptic Retisols), burozems (Haplic Cambisols), and grey forest soils (Retic Phaeozems). Zoogenically active humus form (Dysmull) prevail (Korkina and Vorobeichik, 2021). The climate is warm-summer humid continental, Dfb according to Köppen-Geiger classification (Peel et al., 2007). The average annual air temperature is +2.0 °С; the average annual precipitation is 550 mm; the warmest month is July (+17.7 °С) and the coldest month is January (–14.2 °С) (mean values for the last 40 years, 1975–2015, according to the data of the nearest meteorological station in Revda). The snowless period is about 215 days (from April to October), the maximum height of the snow cover is about 40–60 cm.
| Bounding Coordinates | South West [56.789, 59.33], North East [56.957, 59.745] |
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Taxonomic Coverage
General taxonomic coverage is 1 phylum, 1 class, 2 orders, 2 families, 8 genera, 10 species of annelids.
| Class | Clitellata |
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| Order | Crassiclitellata, Enchytraeida |
| Family | Lumbricidae (earthworms), Enchytraeidae (pot worms) |
Temporal Coverage
| Formation Period | 1990-2020 |
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Project Data
No Description available
| Title | Russia 2021 |
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| Identifier | N-Eurasia-Russia2021 |
The personnel involved in the project:
Sampling Methods
Earthworms were collected in summer months of 1990–2020 at sampling plots (10 × 10 m in size) established in seven study sites.The sampling process included hand-sorting of annelids (earthworms and enchytraeids) out of soil monoliths 20 × 20 cm in area and 25–30 cm in depth. During sampling, monoliths were divided into two layers, corresponding to the samples: the "O" horizon (forest litter) and the "A" horizon (organic-mineral). Monoliths were not subdivided into layers and were analyzed as a whole sample (the A horizon) in R-A16-Kryl (arable land). The sampling and hand sorting procedures were the same in all years (with a few exceptions); a total of 284 soil monoliths and 553 samples (upper and lower layers of the monoliths) were collected for over 30 years of study.
| Study Extent | Study sites were located on gentle slopes of ridges in forests with a different stand composition (spruce-fir, pine, birch, and mixed forests) and arable lands. Loam and heavy loam soddy-podzolic soils (Albic Retisols) and podzolized burozems (Leptic Retisols) prevail. A total of seven study sites (=dwc:locationID) were established corresponding to local aggregations of different biotopes. The number of sampling plots within each study site were unequal: R-E30-Sol (spruce-fir forest) included seven sampling plots, R-E20-Pmay (spruce-fir forest) included six plots, R-B20-Pmay (birch forest) and R-S20-Pmay (pine forest) included one sampling plot each, R-E17-Kryl (spruce and birch forest) included four plots, R-Fp17-Kryl (floodplain forest) and R-A16-Kryl (arable land) included three plots each. Study sites R-E30-Sol and R-E20-Pmay were permanent throughout all years of the study. However, the exact position of the sampling plots within these study sites differed between 1990–1991 and 2004–2020 (exact position varied within a range of 300–500 m due to refinement of methodical procedures and positioning inaccuracy). The current position of the sampling plots has been established since 2004. Study sites R-B20-Pmay and R-S20-Pmay are additional and were included in the study only in 1991. Study sites near Krylosovo (R-E17-Kryl, R-Fp17-Kryl, and R-A16-Kryl) have been explored since 2019. |
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| Quality Control | A total of more than 3300 individuals of earthworms, 7200 egg cocoons and cocoon exuvia of earthworms, and 6900 individuals of enchytraeids were collected. All specimens were wet-preserved in 70% alcohol and stored (with the partial exception of materials from 1990–1991) in the depository of the Laboratory of Population and Community Ecotoxicology of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAE UB RAS). Earthworms were identified by Evgenii Vorobeichik and Dina Nesterkova from IPAE UB RAS and Elena Golovanova from the Laboratory of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology of Omsk State Pedagogical University. |
Method step description:
- Fieldwork and processing of soil monoliths. Earthworms were collected in June, July, and August of 1990–2020. Sampling plots 10 × 10 m in size were established in seven study sites. Annelids (earthworms and enchytraeids) were hand-sorted out of soil monoliths 20 × 20 cm in area and 25–30 cm in depth, depending on the occurrence of macroinvertebrates. The time interval for extracting one soil monolith from the sampling plot was approximately 5 minutes. Ten monoliths were collected from each plot randomly, excluding nearby trunk areas with a radius of 0.5–1 m around large trees (more than 30 cm in diameter) and any visible pedoturbations. During sampling, each monolith was divided into two layers, corresponding to the samples: the O horizons (forest litter) and A horizon (organic-mineral). Monoliths were not subdivided into layers and were analyzed as a whole sample (the A horizon) in R-A16-Kryl (arable land). Monoliths were placed in plastic bags (separately for the layers), delivered to the laboratory, and stored before processing at 12°C for no more than five days (as a rule, 1–2 days). The collected earthworms were carefully washed with water, fixed with 10% formalin, and then wet-preserved in 70% ethanol. Enchytraeids and earthworm cocoons were fixed with 70% ethanol. The sampling and hand sorting procedures were the same in all years, except that the number of samples taken in 1990 reached 80 per plot. Thus, a total of 284 soil monoliths and 553 samples (upper and lower layers of the monoliths) were collected over all these years. Unfortunately, the materials collected in 1990 and 1991 were not preserved in full until now. Therefore, in the dataset, unlike all others, these years marked with dwc:basisOfRecord = "HumanObservation."
- Identifying earthworm species. Adult earthworms were identified to species level using the taxonomic key of Vsevolodova-Perel (1997). Juvenile specimens were identified to species level using external characteristics such as the coloration, the prostomium shape, the pattern of setae, and examination of the internal structure during autopsy (a shape of nephridial bladders, a presence and location of diverticula). Almost all earthworms (3236 of 3305, 98%) were identified to species level. Earthworm cocoons and enchytraeids were identified only to the family level.
Collection Data
| Collection Name | lepc_annelids_1990-2020 |
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| Specimen preservation methods | Alcohol, Formalin |
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Bibliographic Citations
- Korkina, I.N., Vorobeichik, E.L. 2021. Non-typical degraded and regraded humus forms in metal-contaminated areas, or there and back again. Geoderma 404, 115390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115390
- Peel, M.C., Finlayson, B.L., McMahon, T.A. 2007. Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, 1633–1644. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007
- Vsevolodova-Perel, T.S. 1997. Dozhdevyye chervi fauny Rossii: kadastr i opredelitel’ [The earthworms of the fauna of Russia: Cadaster and key]. Editor-in-chef Chernova N.M. Moskva, Nauka. 102 p. (in Russian).
Additional Metadata
| Alternative Identifiers | bf5bc7f6-71a3-4abd-8abc-861ee3cbf84a |
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| http://gbif.ru:8080/ipt/resource?r=lepc_annelids_1990-2020 |